Mastering the Writing Ability Test - WAT for IIM Admissions
- Jan 7
- 25 min read
The Writing Ability Test (WAT) is a crucial component of the IIM admissions process. As an aspiring IIM candidate, your performance in the WAT can significantly impact your overall selection, making it essential to approach this test with a well-thought-out strategy. If you check the IIM Lucknow IPMX 2025 selection criteria, it clearly mentions a 10% weightage to the WAT exercise in the selection process. The WAT test is an integral part of the selection process at IIMB EPGP and IIMB PGPEM as well. The Analytical Writing Test in the IIM admission process is also the same. In this article, we'll explore what the WAT entails, why it's important, and how you can excel in this critical part of the admissions process.
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Table of Contents
What is the Writing Ability Test (IIM WAT)?
The Writing Ability Test is a short essay writing exercise conducted by IIMs during their selection process. Typically, the WAT takes place after the shortlisting results are announced and during the Personal Interview (PI) round. Candidates are given a topic, and they need to present a coherent, structured, and insightful essay within a time frame of 20 to 30 minutes. This would be something like an on the spot essay writing test. Topics for the IIM WAT can range from current affairs, abstract ideas, social issues, or business-related scenarios. Mastering the writing ability test is important for IIM admissions.
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WAT and AWT Process & Topics at 2-Year MBA Programs in India: Comprehensive Analysis
The Written Ability Test (WAT) and Analytical Writing Test (AWT) have become integral components of MBA admissions at India's top business schools, particularly the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). Following the reintroduction of WAT in the 2023 admission cycle (after being discontinued during the pandemic), these assessments now carry 5-20% weightage in final selection decisions. Unlike the Personal Interview which evaluates communication skills, WAT/AWT specifically assess structured written communication, analytical thinking, and the candidate's ability to articulate complex ideas under time pressure. This report provides an institution-by-institution breakdown of processes, evaluation frameworks, and topic categories relevant to 2-Year MBA admissions in 2026-28.
WAT vs AWT—Foundational Distinctions
Written Ability Test (WAT)
WAT is a timed essay-writing assessment conducted by most top Indian business schools to evaluate written communication skills and critical thinking.
Core Characteristics:
Duration: 20-30 minutes
Format: Timed essay of 150-300 words (typically 250-300)
Structure: Single topic presentation with opinion-based or issue-analysis framework
Evaluation Focus: Clarity of thought, structured argumentation, persuasive communication
Approach: Opinion-Reason-Significance (ORS) or Problem-Effects-Causes-Solutions (PECS) framework
Institutes Conducting WAT: IIM Bangalore, IIM Calcutta, IIM Kozhikode, IIM Lucknow, IIM Indore, and select private B-schools including XLRI, SPJIMR, MDI, and IIFT.
Analytical Writing Test (AWT)
AWT is IIM Ahmedabad's distinctive case study-based analytical assessment designed to evaluate problem-solving approach aligned with the institute's case method pedagogy.
Core Characteristics:
Duration: 30 minutes (standard)
Format: Business caselet or real-world problem scenario presented in 1-2 pages
Structure: Problem-centric diagnosis with root cause analysis
Evaluation Focus: Structured analytical thinking, problem identification, solution orientation
Approach: Objective analysis based solely on provided information without assumptions
Key Differentiator: Diagnosis over opinion; structured analysis over persuasive writing
Institute Conducting AWT: IIM Ahmedabad exclusively
Fundamental Difference: WAT asks "What do you think about this?" while AWT asks "What is the problem here and why?"
IIM-Specific WAT & AWT Processes and Weightages
IIM Ahmedabad (AWT Model)
Selection Stages:
Stage 1: Preliminary screening based on CAT and academic records
Stage 2: Shortlisting for AWT & PI based on composite score
Stage 3: Final selection post-AWT & PI
Weightage in Final Selection:
Component | Weightage |
Personal Interview | 50% |
CAT Score | 25% |
Application Rating | 15% |
AWT | 10% |
Total | 100% |
AWT Evaluation Framework: Candidates are assessed on their ability to identify the core problem, analyze root causes objectively, present structured solutions, and avoid assumptions not supported by case information.
IIM Bangalore PGP (WAT Model)
Selection Stages:
Stage 1: First shortlist based on minimum CAT percentile requirements in all sections
Stage 2: WAT-PI based on pre-PI score (CAT 55%, academics 30%, work experience 10%, diversity 5%)
Stage 3: Final selection post-WAT & PI
Weightage in Final Selection:
Component | Weightage |
Personal Interview | 40% |
CAT Score | 25% |
Work Experience/Professional Course | 10% |
WAT | 10% |
10th, 12th, Bachelor's marks (combined) | 15% |
Total | 100% |
WAT Details: Approximately 30 minutes, candidates write a note on a given topic. Evaluation based on content and style.
IIM Calcutta PGP (WAT Model)
Selection Stages:
Stage I: Minimum CAT percentile cut-offs (Open: 80% VARC, 80% DILR, 75% QA, 85% Overall)
Stage II: Shortlisting for PI & WAT (85 points: 56% CAT, 10% Class 10, 15% Class 12, 4% Gender Diversity)
Stage III: Final selection post-WAT & PI
Weightage in Final Selection:
Component | Weightage |
Personal Interview | 48% |
CAT Score | 30% |
Academic Diversity | 6% |
WAT | 8% |
Work Experience | 8% |
Total | 100% |
IIM Kozhikode PGP (WAT Model)
Selection Stages:
Stage 1: Registration with minimum eligibility (60% graduation, CAT positive scores all sections)
Stage 2: Shortlisting for PI & WAT (50% CAT, 15% Class X, 20% Class XII, 10% diversity, 5% work experience)
Stage 3: Final selection post-WAT & PI
Weightage in Final Selection:
Component | Weightage |
CAT Score | 35% |
PI Score | 35% |
WAT | 20% |
Resume Score | 10% |
Total | 100% |
Critical Insight: IIM Kozhikode assigns the highest WAT weightage (20%) among IIMs, reflecting its emphasis on written communication skills alongside interview performance.
IIM Lucknow (WAT Model)
Selection Stages:
Stage 1: Minimum CAT percentile cutoffs (MBA: 90%, MBA-ABM: 85%, MBA-SM: 85%)
Stage 2: Shortlisting based on composite score (60% CAT, 10% Class 12, 10% Graduation, 10% Work Experience, 5% Diversity)
Stage 3: Final selection post-WAT (30 min, 300 words) & PI (20-25 min, minimum 12/40 to qualify)
Weightage in Final Selection:
Component | Weightage |
Personal Interview | 40% |
CAT Score | 30% |
WAT | 10% |
Academics (Class 12 + Graduation) | 10% |
Work Experience | 5% |
Diversity (Academic + Gender) | 5% |
Total | 100% |
Notable Criterion: Minimum PI performance of 12/40 is mandatory to be considered for final merit list.
IIM Indore (WAT Model)
Selection Stages:
Stage I: Eligibility via CAT percentile cutoffs (Open: 80% all sections, 90% overall)
Stage II: Shortlisting for PI (Composite Score: 39% Class 10, 20% Class 12, 35% CAT, 6% Diversity)
Stage III: Final selection post-PI
Weightage in Final Selection (2025-27 batch):
Component | Weightage |
PI Score | 45% |
CAT | 20% |
10th & 12th marks | 10% |
Diversity | 5% |
Note: IIM Indore's admission procedure document (2025-27 batch) does not explicitly mention WAT in the final selection criteria, suggesting emphasis on PI scoring. However, WAT/GD was conducted in previous cycles.
IIM Udaipur (Common Admission Process - CAP Coordinated)
Selection through IIM Bodh Gaya-Coordinated CAP 2026:
Weightage in Final Merit List:
Component | Weightage |
Normalized CAT Score | 57% |
Personal Appearance (WAT & PI) | 21% |
Profile (academics + diversity) | 22% |
Total | 100% |
Critical Detail: Uses normalized CAT score (candidate's score ÷ max score × 100) rather than percentile, differentiating it from other IIMs.
WAT Topic Categories and Examples
Topic Classification Framework
WAT topics at Indian B-schools typically fall into five distinct categories, each assessing different cognitive competencies:
1. Current Affairs & Socio-Political Issues
Purpose: Evaluate awareness of real-world events, analytical thinking on governance and policy matters, and ability to link events to broader implications.
Sample Topics:
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on employment in India
Digital Rupee as financial innovation vs. surveillance tool
Do India's patent laws discourage innovation or ensure equitable access?
Climate commitments from COP28: genuine intent or political posturing?
India's Digital India initiative: success or incomplete rollout?
Evaluation Dimension: Candidate's grasp of contemporary context, ability to present balanced perspectives, and connection to business/leadership implications.
2. Business & Economics Topics
Purpose: Assess understanding of market dynamics, business trends, and economic policy impacts on organizations and employment.
Sample Topics:
Will Artificial Intelligence create more jobs than it eliminates?
India's startup valuations: justified by performance or inflated by hype?
Remote work: has it enhanced productivity or weakened professional ethics?
Can industrialization ever be environmentally sustainable?
Should large corporations encourage employee spin-offs as innovation?
Global supply chain crisis: did it expose India's overdependence on imports?
Evaluation Dimension: Business acumen, understanding of economic principles, practical application to real scenarios, and awareness of trade-offs.
3. Abstract & Philosophical Themes
Purpose: Test lateral thinking, ability to handle ambiguous prompts, originality of thought, and philosophical reasoning without relying on factual knowledge.
Sample Topics:
"Red is red, blue is blue—never the two shall meet"
What would happen if one rupee equals one dollar?
If aliens land on earth
Think globally, act locally
Can we ever truly measure progress?
Evaluation Dimension: Creativity, structured reasoning despite ambiguity, ability to construct logical arguments without anchoring to facts.
4. Social Issues & Ethics
Purpose: Assess candidate's awareness of social challenges, empathy, ethical reasoning, and understanding of business responsibility in society.
Sample Topics:
Should India invest more in infrastructure than healthcare and education?
Does surveillance technology protect citizens or violate privacy?
Should democracies impose limits on surveillance for ethical governance?
Drug menace: how to fight it?
Community kitchens: pros and challenges?
Does a 70-hour work week improve productivity or harm human well-being?
Evaluation Dimension: Social consciousness, ethical clarity, ability to present balanced arguments on contentious issues, awareness of stakeholder perspectives.
5. Technology & Innovation
Purpose: Evaluate understanding of technological disruption, adoption barriers, and broader societal implications of technological change.
Sample Topics:
5G impact on global economy
Drone technology: pros and cons
AI-driven decision-making: pros and cons
Blockchain and cryptocurrency future
Cyber spying: national security vs. privacy
Should India adopt strict AI regulation to balance innovation and risk?
Evaluation Dimension: Understanding of technological concepts, ability to assess dual impacts (positive/negative), alignment with policy considerations.
Part 4: WAT Evaluation Criteria and Scoring Framework
Standardized Evaluation Rubric
Across IIMs and top B-schools, WAT responses are evaluated on the following parameters with typical weightages:
Evaluation Criterion | Description | Weightage |
Relevance to Topic | Essay directly addresses the prompt without deviating into tangential areas; maintains focus on core issue | 25% |
Clarity & Structure | Logical flow (intro-body-conclusion), coherent paragraph organization, smooth transitions, absence of rambling | 20% |
Critical Thinking | Depth of analysis, consideration of multiple perspectives, originality of thought, balanced arguments with supporting evidence | 25% |
Language Proficiency | Grammar accuracy, vocabulary sophistication (without pedantry), sentence variety, absence of spelling errors | 15% |
Conclusion & Persuasiveness | Effectiveness of concluding arguments, overall coherence of thesis, impact of presentation | 15% |
Evaluation Process
Assessor Profile: Faculty members trained on standardized rubrics; typically 1-2 assessors per response
Scoring Scale: Usually 0-10 or normalized to candidate pool
Time Constraint Assessment: Clarity achieved under time pressure is valued; rushed or incoherent writing penalized
Grammar vs. Ideas: Grammatical errors result in deductions, but content depth is primary criterion; business writing clarity prioritized over literary elegance
What Evaluators Look For (Positive Indicators)
Immediate topic clarity: First sentence indicates understanding of the prompt
Structured argument: Introduction states position; body supports with 2-3 well-developed points; conclusion reinforces thesis
Balanced perspective: For opinion-based topics, acknowledging counterarguments strengthens response (65% of top-scoring essays included both supporting and opposing views)
Real-world examples: Specific examples or data-driven references enhance credibility
Professional tone: Business-appropriate language without informal colloquialisms
Logical coherence: Each paragraph connects to thesis; ideas flow sequentially without logical gaps
Common Pitfalls (Negative Indicators)
Generic responses lacking specificity or depth
Stream-of-consciousness writing without paragraph structure
Excessive verbosity to fill word limit without substantive content
Grammatical errors creating comprehension difficulties
Off-topic tangents or failure to directly address the prompt
Weak or absent conclusion
Unsubstantiated claims without supporting reasoning
Part 5: AWT-Specific Framework (IIM Ahmedabad)
Problem-Centric Approach
AWT fundamentally differs from WAT in its methodology. Rather than opinion-based analysis, AWT demands objective diagnosis of business problems.
AWT Case Structure and Expected Response Format
Case Presentation (typically 1-2 pages):
Business scenario or organizational challenge
Contextual information and constraints
Stakeholder perspectives or conflicting viewpoints
Implicit or explicit questions for candidate to address
Expected Response Structure:
Problem Identification (Paragraph 1)
Identify the core issue distinct from symptoms
Example: If case states "declining sales," determine if root cause is market saturation, poor product quality, or pricing strategy
Root Cause Analysis (Paragraph 2)
Dissect causal chains: What factors contribute to the identified problem?
Build cause-effect relationships using information provided in case
Avoid external assumptions; rely on case data only
Evidence & Logic Assessment (Paragraph 3)
Evaluate strength of supporting evidence in the case
Identify gaps or contradictions
Distinguish assumptions from facts
Solution-Oriented Conclusion (Paragraph 4)
Propose structured solutions addressing root causes
Acknowledge implementation constraints mentioned in case
Avoid perfectionist ideation; focus on feasible alternatives
Key Evaluation Differences: AWT vs WAT
Dimension | WAT | AWT |
Foundational Question | "What do you think?" | "What is the problem?" |
Information Source | External knowledge + opinion | Provided case data only |
Evaluation Focus | Persuasion & argumentation | Diagnosis & analytical reasoning |
Structure | Opinion → supporting points → counterarguments | Problem identification → root cause → solutions |
Subjectivity | Subjective perspectives valued | Objective analysis prioritized |
Example Use | Supporting thesis with real-world examples | Case-specific data only |
Depth of Reasoning | Breadth of perspective | Depth of causal analysis |
Sample AWT Response Approach
Case Scenario (Simplified Example):"A manufacturing company's profit margins have declined 15% over two years despite 8% revenue growth. Production costs have increased 12%, but the company has not raised prices due to competitive pressure."
Flawed Response (Opinion-Based - WAT style):"I believe the company should focus on cost reduction. Automation is the future. They should also expand to new markets..."
Strong Response (Problem-Diagnosis - AWT style):"The core problem is a cost-profit mismatch: revenue growth (8%) is outpaced by cost growth (12%), compressing margins. Root causes appear to be: (1) input cost inflation not absorbed by price increases due to competitive constraints, and (2) production inefficiency. Evidence suggests that not raising prices despite costs indicates market-driven limitation. Solutions must address cost control (supply chain optimization, process efficiency) before market expansion."
Part 6: Non-IIM Institutions Conducting WAT
XLRI Jamshedpur
Process: XAT-based admission; Group Discussion and Personal Interview primary assessment tools. WAT integrated in some selection rounds.
Weightage: Varies by program; GD/PI together constitute 25% of final score; CAT: 60%; Other factors: 15%
S.P. Jain Institute of Management & Research (SPJIMR), Mumbai
Process:
Phase 1: Profile-based shortlist (December 2025-January 2026)
Phase 2: Post-CAT shortlisting → WAT (20 minutes) + Group Interviews (2 rounds, February-March 2026)
Weightage in Final Selection:
Component | Weightage |
CAT/XAT Score | 40-50% |
Interview Performance (WAT + GD/PI) | 20-30% |
Academic Record | 20-25% |
Work Experience | 10-15% |
Diversity Factors | 5-10% |
Distinguishing Feature: SPJIMR uses profile-based shortlisting, allowing exceptionally strong candidates to receive calls at lower CAT percentiles (85 vs. standard 90+).
Management Development Institute (MDI), Gurgaon
Process: Two-stage selection with new components for 2026-28
Stage 1 Weightage (Shortlisting): CAT 70%, Class 10/12 combined 10%, Graduation 5%, Gender Diversity 5%, Regional Diversity 5%
Stage 2 Weightage (Final Selection):
Component | Weightage |
CAT Score | 35% |
Personal Interview | 20% |
Group Discussion | 10% |
WAT | 5% |
Graduation Marks | 5% |
Work Experience | 10% |
Behavioral Assessment Test (NEW) | 5% |
Diversity (Academic/Gender/Regional) | 7.5% |
Notable Addition: Behavioral Assessment Test (BAT) introduced in 2026-28 cycle, replacing traditional academic weightage emphasis.
Part 7: Comparative Analysis of Top B-Schools' WAT Weightages
The following table provides a comparative overview of final selection weightages across major 2-Year MBA programs:
Institution | CAT/Test Score | Personal Interview | WAT/AWT | Academics | Work Experience | Diversity | Total |
IIM Ahmedabad (AWT) | 25% | 50% | 10% | - | - | 15% | 100% |
IIM Bangalore | 25% | 40% | 10% | 15% | 10% | - | 100% |
IIM Calcutta | 30% | 48% | 8% | - | 8% | 6% | 100% |
IIM Kozhikode | 35% | 35% | 20% | - | - | 10% | 100% |
IIM Lucknow | 30% | 40% | 10% | 10% | 5% | 5% | 100% |
IIM Indore | 40% | 45% | - | 10% | - | 5% | 100% |
MDI Gurgaon | 35% | 20% | 5% | 5% | 10% | 15% + 10% (BAT) | 100% |
Key Insight: IIM Kozhikode assigns highest WAT weightage (20%), while IIM Indore emphasizes PI (45%) with minimal explicit WAT mention in recent cycles. This variation reflects institutional philosophies: Kozhikode values written communication excellence, while Indore prioritizes verbal articulation.
Part 8: Preparation Strategies and Framework Approaches
Structured Frameworks for WAT Response Writing
ORS Framework (Opinion-Reason-Significance):Most suitable for opinion-based topics:
Opinion: Clear statement of personal position on the topic
Reason: Logical justification supporting the opinion
Significance: Why this opinion matters; broader implications
PECS Framework (Problem-Effects-Causes-Solutions):Suitable for problem-analysis topics:
Problem: Clearly define the issue
Effects: Consequences or impact of the problem
Causes: Root factors contributing to the problem
Solutions: Feasible remedies addressing causes
Content Strategy
For Current Affairs Topics:
Stay informed via business newspapers (Economic Times, Business Today, Financial Express) and news platforms
Maintain awareness of policy announcements, economic trends, geopolitical events
Practice connecting news to business implications
Prepare 3-5 recent examples for major topic areas
For Business & Economics Topics:
Build understanding of market structures, supply-demand dynamics, competitive advantages
Study case studies of companies navigating similar challenges
Know basic economic indicators and their meanings (GDP, inflation, employment rate, etc.)
Avoid jargon without explanation; clarity over verbosity
For Abstract Topics:
Practice lateral thinking by exploring unconventional angles
Create practice prompts testing philosophical reasoning
Build comfort with ambiguity; recognize multiple valid perspectives exist
Focus on logical coherence despite lack of factual anchoring
Time Management During WAT
30-Minute Allocation (Typical):
Minutes 0-3: Read prompt carefully, identify topic type, brainstorm 5-7 key ideas
Minutes 3-5: Outline structure (intro-3 body points-conclusion)
Minutes 5-25: Write draft with topic-relevant content
Minutes 25-28: Review for grammatical errors, coherence, off-topic tangents
Minutes 28-30: Final proofreading, ensure conclusion is present
Critical Principle: Prioritize structure and clear communication over attempting sophisticated vocabulary or length.
Part 9: Institutional Context—Why WAT/AWT Matters
Role in MBA Selection Process
WAT/AWT serves multiple functions beyond simple skill assessment:
Differentiator Among High-Scorers: Candidates with similar CAT percentiles (e.g., 95-98) are distinguished by WAT performance, as PI assessment remains subjective and may be influenced by interpersonal dynamics. WAT provides objective, comparable measure.
Replacement for Group Discussions: Most IIMs replaced GD with WAT post-2023 because GD suffers from group dynamics bias (dominant personalities overshadow quieter candidates). WAT ensures equal opportunity for individual expression.
Assessment of Business-Critical Skill: MBA curriculum, consulting projects, and managerial work demand clear written communication. WAT directly assesses this fundamental competency.
Evaluation Under Pressure: Time constraints replicate workplace scenarios where professionals must communicate clearly despite tight deadlines. This stress-tested assessment reveals candidate's true capability versus prepared responses.
Business School Perspective
For IIMs, particularly IIM Ahmedabad with AWT:
AWT assesses alignment with case study-based pedagogy; strong AWT performance predicts success in case method learning
WAT performance correlates with classroom participation quality and written assignment performance
Institutions use WAT/AWT to ensure selected cohort possesses articulate leadership potential
Part 10: Recent Trends and 2026 Admission Cycle Updates
CAP 2026 (Common Admission Process)
Seven IIMs (IIM Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Calcutta, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Indore, Udaipur) participate in CAP, coordinated by IIM Bodh Gaya.
Process Changes:
Unified WAT and PI conducted across multiple cities simultaneously
Common venue infrastructure and assessment standards
Individual merit lists prepared by each IIM based on unified WAT/PI scores
Candidates receive multiple offers if shortlisted by different IIMs
Introduction of Behavioral Assessment Test (BAT)
MDI Gurgaon introduced Behavioral Assessment Test (5% weightage) in 2026-28 cycle, replacing earlier academic weightage emphasis. This signals industry trend toward assessing soft skills, emotional intelligence, and behavioral attributes alongside cognitive abilities.
Continuing Emphasis on Diversity
All IIMs and major B-schools maintain diversity factors (academic background, gender, regional representation) worth 5-15% of final score, reflecting commitment to inclusive excellence.
Part 11: Critical Success Factors
For WAT Excellence:
Clarity Over Length: 250-word well-structured response outscores 300 words of rambling
Relevance First: Address the specific topic; tangential brilliance receives no credit
Balanced Perspective: Strongest essays acknowledge counterarguments before refuting them
Data/Examples: Specific references strengthen subjective arguments
Conclusion Quality: Strong ending reinforces thesis and demonstrates coherent thinking
For AWT Excellence:
Data Adherence: Use only case-provided information; external knowledge irrelevant
Root Cause Rigor: Distinguish between symptoms and causes; dig deeper than surface
Logical Structure: Clearly connect each argument; show causation explicitly
Assumption Minimization: Flag areas where information is insufficient; avoid filling gaps with assumptions
Solution Feasibility: Acknowledge real-world constraints; propose implementable, not idealistic, solutions
Conclusion
WAT and AWT represent India's top B-schools' commitment to assessing written communication and analytical rigor—competencies fundamental to MBA success and professional leadership. While WAT emphasizes persuasive, opinion-based writing (5-20% weightage across IIMs), AWT uniquely focuses on objective problem diagnosis and structured reasoning aligned with case-based pedagogy.
Aspiring candidates targeting 2-Year MBA programs in 2026-28 should recognize these assessments as individual differentiators in an increasingly competitive admissions landscape. Success requires not advanced vocabulary or length, but structured clarity, topic relevance, and sustained analytical depth—precisely the skills that translate into effective business communication and leadership impact.
With CAP 2026 coordinating assessment across multiple IIMs and institutions like MDI integrating behavioral assessment alongside WAT, the selection ecosystem continues evolving toward holistic evaluation of candidate potential beyond pure test scores. The pathway to admission now explicitly requires demonstration of thoughtful communication, ethical reasoning, and problem-solving maturity—hallmarks of impactful business leaders.
Which are the programs that conduct the WAT test for One Year MBA in India?
The programs that conduct the WAT test for one year MBA in India are-
IIM Bangalore EPGP
IIM Ahmedabad PGPX ( Extempore Version)
IIM Lucknow IPMX - 30th November 2024, 07th December 2024 for phase 1 and 1st and 2nd February 2025
Learn more about Indian MBA Programs and find the best fit for your goals:
Our mentors at GOALisB help you shortlist the right programs and create a winning strategy for your MBA applications. Schedule a Free Profile Evaluation Call
Why is the IIM WAT Important?
While your CAT/ GMAT or GRE score, academic record, and work experience are vital components of your IIM application, the WAT provides the admissions committee with a glimpse of your ability to think critically, structure arguments, and express yourself clearly under time constraints.
The final selection at IIM Ahmedabad PGP is a multi-faceted evaluation that considers various components of a candidate's profile.
The Personal Interview (PI) holds the most significant weight, contributing 50% to the final composite score, highlighting the importance of communication skills, clarity of thought, and overall personality. Candidates can prepare for PI from the IIM Interview Questions Guide.
The CAT score, a measure of aptitude and analytical skills, constitutes 25% of the final score, underscoring the need for a strong academic foundation. There are also alternative pathways to get into IIM without CAT.
The Application Rating (AR), which reflects the candidate's overall profile including academic record, work experience, and achievements, contributes 15%, emphasizing the importance of a well-rounded application.
Finally, the Analytical Writing Test (AWT), evaluating written communication and critical thinking abilities, contributes 10%, highlighting the significance of clear and concise articulation. This holistic approach ensures that selected candidates possess a balanced mix of academic prowess, communication skills, and a strong overall profile.
The IIM WAT tests skills that are crucial for success in an MBA program and in leadership roles, such as:
Critical Thinking: The ability to analyze a situation, identify key issues, and propose solutions.
Communication Skills: The clarity and coherence with which you present your ideas.
Time Management: The ability to organize your thoughts and write effectively within a limited time frame.
Excelling in the WAT can set you apart from other candidates and strengthen your overall application.
Don’t leave it to chance- get guided writing feedback from IIM alumni mentors and improve your WAT performance before interview day. Book a free consultation today!
How to Excel in the IIM Writing Ability Test: Key Strategies
Understand the Topic Thoroughly
Before you start writing, take a moment to fully understand the topic. If it’s a current affairs topic, ensure you’re clear on the facts. For abstract or opinion-based topics, consider the different angles from which the topic can be approached.
Tip: Rephrase the topic in your mind to clarify what is being asked. This will help you avoid deviating from the core issue.
Structure Your Essay
A well-structured essay is easier to read and understand. MBA essay writing should ideally follow this format:
Introduction: Briefly introduce the topic and state your thesis or main argument.
Body: Divide the body into two or three paragraphs, each addressing a specific point or argument related to the topic. Use examples, statistics, or real-world scenarios to support your points.
Conclusion: Summarize your key points and restate your thesis in a way that ties together the arguments you’ve made.
Tip: Spend a couple of minutes outlining your essay before you start writing. This will save you time and ensure your essay has a logical flow.
Be Concise and Clear
Given the time and word constraints, it’s essential to be concise. Avoid unnecessary jargon or overly complex sentences. Instead, focus on making your points clearly and effectively.
Tip: If a sentence doesn’t add value to your argument, consider removing it. Every word should serve a purpose.
Practice Regularly
Like any skill, writing improves with practice. Regularly write essays on a variety of topics to hone your ability to think and write quickly.
Tip: Time yourself when practicing. This will help you get accustomed to writing within the time limits of the WAT.
Stay Updated on Current Affairs
Many WAT topics are drawn from current events, so staying informed about global and national issues is crucial. Read newspapers, follow reputable news sources, and engage in discussions on current topics.
Tip: Practice writing essays on current affairs to develop your ability to form quick, informed opinions.
Focus on Grammar and Syntax
While content is king, poor grammar or awkward syntax can undermine the strength of your arguments. Ensure that your writing is grammatically correct and that your sentences are well-constructed.
Tip: After writing, if time permits, quickly proofread your essay to catch any glaring errors.
Develop a Unique Perspective
The admissions panel reads numerous essays on similar topics, so standing out is crucial. Try to offer a unique perspective or insight that sets your essay apart.
Tip: Draw from your personal experiences or professional background to provide a fresh viewpoint on the topic.
Common Mistakes to Avoid in the IIM WAT:
Lack of Structure: A disorganized essay can confuse the reader and dilute your arguments. Always outline your essay before you begin writing.
Overgeneralization: Avoid making sweeping statements without supporting evidence. Be specific in your arguments.
Going Off-Topic: Stay focused on the core issue presented by the topic. Avoid digressions that don’t add value to your main argument.
Ignoring the Conclusion: A weak conclusion can leave a negative impression. Always ensure you summarize your key points effectively.
Talk to GOALisB admissions experts to explore GOALisB’s Personalized Essay Review Service where expert mentors give detailed feedback on your structure, clarity, and argument strength.
Conclusion
The Writing Ability Test is not just about what you write but how you write it. A well-structured, concise, and insightful essay can make a strong impression on the IIM admissions committee and significantly boost your chances of success. By understanding the importance of the WAT, practicing regularly, and employing the strategies outlined in this article, you can approach the test with confidence and clarity.
Remember, the WAT is your opportunity to showcase your analytical thinking and communication skills—qualities that are essential for a successful MBA journey. Good luck with your preparation!
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the WAT process for IIM?
The WAT (Written Ability Test) in IIM admissions is a 20–30 minute essay-writing round where shortlisted candidates write on a given current affairs, business, or abstract topic, used to assess clarity of thought, analytical ability, and written communication.
The Written Ability Test (WAT) is a crucial part of the IIM selection process after the CAT exam shortlisting.
Key Features of WAT
Duration: Typically 20–30 minutes.
Word Limit: 250–350 words (varies by institute).
Topics:
Current affairs (economy, politics, technology, environment).
Business or management-related issues.
Abstract topics to test creativity.
Case-based or opinion-based prompts.
Evaluation Parameters:
Coherence and structure.
Quality of arguments and examples.
Language, grammar, and clarity.
Originality of thought.
Role in Final Selection
WAT + Personal Interview (PI) together carry 30–50% weightage in the final admission score, depending on the IIM.
It replaced Group Discussions (GD) in most IIMs because it gives each candidate an equal chance to showcase individual thinking.
Example WAT Topics
“Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Jobs in India.”
“Is India ready for a cashless economy?”
“Climate change and business sustainability.”
“Social media: a boon or bane?”
Also, read our detailed guide on inter-IIM comparisons for analysis:
Which IIM takes WAT?
All IIMs conduct WAT (Written Ability Test) as part of the MBA/PGP selection process, but IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Bangalore, IIM Calcutta, IIM Lucknow, IIM Kozhikode, and IIM Indore are especially known for using WAT along with the personal interview (PI).
1. What is WAT?
The Written Ability Test (WAT) is a short essay writing round conducted after the CAT exam, before or along with interviews.
It tests clarity of thought, writing skills, and ability to structure arguments.
2. IIMs Using WAT (as of 2025):
Older IIMs: Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Calcutta, Lucknow, Kozhikode, Indore.
Newer IIMs: Many (e.g., IIM Trichy, Udaipur, Ranchi, Rohtak, Shillong) also use WAT to evaluate communication and analytical skills.
Earlier, GD (Group Discussion) was common, but most IIMs have now replaced GD with WAT for a fairer assessment.
3. Why WAT Matters:
WAT + PI together account for 30–50% of the final admission score, depending on the IIM.
Topics include current affairs, abstract ideas, business, and social issues.
Key Insight:
All 20+ IIMs use WAT in some form today.
The weight of WAT in selection varies—higher at IIM Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Kozhikode, and moderate at others.
Also read about IIM specialized programs to understand the diverse offerings across IIMs:
What is required for admission in IIM?
Admission to IIMs requires a bachelor’s degree with at least 50% marks (45% for reserved categories), a valid CAT score, and success in WAT and PI rounds, along with consideration of work experience and academic profile.
1. Basic Eligibility Criteria:
Bachelor’s Degree: Minimum 50% marks (45% for SC/ST/PwD).
Final Year Students: Eligible if they complete the degree before joining.
No Age Limit: Candidates of any age can apply.
2. Entrance Exam:
Common Admission Test (CAT): Mandatory for almost all IIMs.
Some programs (e.g., executive MBA, doctoral programs) may accept GMAT/GRE instead.
3. Selection Process:
Shortlisting: Based on CAT percentile + academic background.
WAT (Written Ability Test): Short essay on current affairs, business, or abstract topics.
PI (Personal Interview): Tests communication, leadership potential, and clarity of goals.
4. Additional Factors Considered:
Academic Record: 10th, 12th, and graduation marks.
Work Experience: Adds weightage in the final composite score.
Diversity Factors: Gender, academic background (non-engineers get some preference).
5. Final Selection Weightage (varies by IIM):
CAT Score: 25–50%
WAT + PI: 30–50%
Academics + Work Ex + Diversity: 10–25%
Key Insight: Admission to IIMs is not just about a high CAT percentile—well-rounded candidates with good academics, work experience, and strong WAT/PI performance have the best chance.
How to prepare for WAT for IIMs?
To prepare for WAT at IIMs, focus on improving writing speed and clarity, practicing essays on current affairs and abstract topics, structuring answers with intro-body-conclusion, and reading newspapers and editorials daily.
1. Understand WAT Format:
Duration: 15–30 minutes.
Word Limit: 250–400 words.
Topics: Current affairs, economy, business, social issues, or abstract ideas (e.g., "Red is not always danger").
2. Preparation Strategy:
Stay Updated: Read newspapers (The Hindu, Indian Express) and magazines (EPW, Economist).
Practice Essays: Write 1–2 essays daily on trending issues.
Work on Structure: Always follow Introduction → Main Body → Conclusion.
Time Management: Practice completing essays within 20 minutes.
3. Writing Skills to Focus On:
Clarity: Use simple, professional language.
Logic: Present arguments with data/examples.
Balance: Show multiple perspectives before concluding.
Grammar & Flow: Avoid spelling mistakes and casual tone.
4. Common WAT Topics:
Social Issues: Women empowerment, climate change, AI & jobs.
Economy/Business: Digital economy, startup culture, GST, Indian banking.
Abstract: "Success is a journey, not a destination."
5. Mock Practice:
Join coaching mock WAT-PI sessions.
Get essays evaluated by peers/mentors.
Key Insight: Good WAT prep is about practice + awareness + structured writing. Candidates who link arguments to real-world examples, policies, or business cases stand out.
Is there a WAT in XLRI?
No, XLRI does not conduct WAT (Written Ability Test); instead, its admission process includes the XAT exam (with essay writing), followed by a Personal Interview (PI) and Group Discussion (GD) or case discussion.
1. XLRI Selection Process (2025):
Step 1 – XAT Exam:
Conducted in January.
Includes sections on Verbal Ability, Quant, Decision Making, and General Knowledge.
Also has a compulsory essay writing section (reintroduced in 2022), which serves a similar purpose to WAT.
Step 2 – Shortlisting:
Based on XAT percentile cutoffs (varies by program: BM, HRM, GMP).
Step 3 – GD/Case Discussion + PI:
Shortlisted candidates appear for group discussions or case analysis and personal interviews.
2. Key Difference from IIMs: IIMA vs. XLRI Comparison
IIMs use WAT + PI (mostly no GD now).
XLRI uses Essay Writing (in XAT) + GD/Case Discussion + PI.
3. Importance of Essay Writing in XAT:
Tests clarity of thought, structured writing, and ability to argue logically.
Evaluated during the interview stage along with the candidate’s profile.
Key Insight:
XLRI does not have a separate WAT round like IIMs.
Instead, its essay writing section in XAT plays a similar role in assessing written communication.
How to write a WAT test?
To write a strong WAT test essay, analyze the topic quickly, structure your response into intro-body-conclusion, use examples and data to support points, and keep language clear and concise within 250–400 words.
1. Understand the Format:
Time: 15–30 minutes.
Word Limit: 250–400 words.
Topics: Current affairs, economy, social issues, or abstract ideas.
2. Step-by-Step Writing Approach:
Read & Analyze the Topic (1–2 min): Identify the core idea and scope.
Plan Structure (1–2 min): Outline 2–3 main arguments before writing.
Introduction (3–4 sentences): Define the topic, set context, or pose a thought-provoking question.
Body (2–3 paragraphs): Present balanced arguments with real-world examples, facts, or case studies.
Conclusion (3–4 sentences): Summarize key points, provide a balanced opinion, and end with a forward-looking statement.
3. Writing Tips:
Clarity over jargon: Use simple, precise language.
Balanced perspective: Avoid one-sided arguments.
Data & Examples: Quote government reports, surveys, or business cases.
Time management: Leave 2 minutes to proofread grammar and flow.
4. Common WAT Topics:
Economy: Digital India, impact of AI on jobs, cryptocurrency regulation.
Social: Women in leadership, climate change, education reforms.
Abstract: “Success is a journey, not a destination,” “The color blue.”
5. Practice Strategy:
Write 1–2 essays daily under timed conditions.
Read editorials (The Hindu, Indian Express, Economist) for structured arguments.
Get feedback from peers/mentors to improve coherence.
Key Insight: A high-scoring WAT essay is structured, logical, well-supported with examples, and easy to read—showing both knowledge and communication skills.
Which IIM does not consider work experience?
All IIMs accept freshers with no work experience, but IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Calcutta, and IIM Kozhikode place relatively less weight on work experience compared to IIM Bangalore, IIM Lucknow, and newer IIMs.
1. General Rule:
Work experience is not mandatory for admission to the flagship PGP/MBA programs at any IIM.
A good CAT percentile, academics, WAT, and PI are the main selection factors.
2. IIMs with Low Weightage for Work Experience:
IIM Ahmedabad (PGP): Focuses more on CAT score + academics; work ex has minimal weight.
IIM Calcutta: Prioritizes CAT score and academics; fresher-friendly.
3. IIMs with Higher Weightage for Work Experience:
IIM Bangalore: Known for giving significant weightage (10–15%) to work ex.
IIM Lucknow & IIM Indore: Moderate to high weightage to work ex.
Newer IIMs: Some also consider work ex to differentiate among candidates.
4. Special Case – Executive MBAs:
For programs- IIM EPGP (Bangalore)- 5 years of work experience is required.
PGPX (Ahmedabad)- 4 years of work experience is required.
PGPEX (Calcutta)- Minimum 4.5 years to maximum 10 years of work experience is required.
Key Insight: If you are a fresher, IIM Ahmedabad, Calcutta, and Kozhikode are often the most favorable options, as they put little emphasis on prior work experience compared to IIM Bangalore.
Interested in leadership-focused education? Learn about other executive IIM programs:
What is the CAT cut off 2025?
The “CAT cut off 2025” varies by IIM, category, and section, but here are some indicative figures and insights:
For IIMs & top B-schools, the expected overall CAT percentile cutoff is in the 97–99+ range for the General category.
For newer IIMs or baby IIMs, cutoffs may be somewhat lower, in the 85–95 percentile band.
For IIM Ahmedabad, the qualifying cutoff for 2025 has reportedly been set at 95 percentile for the General/EWS category.
For the IIM CAP (Common Admission Process) participating IIMs, the overall CAT cutoff for General category is 95 percentile per latest announcement.
Can I enter IIM without a CAT?
Yes, you can enter IIMs without CAT through certain programs—One-year MBA (accepts GMAT/GRE), PhD (accepts GRE/GATE/UGC-NET), and short-term certificate courses—but for the flagship PGP/MBA program, CAT is mandatory.
1. Flagship MBA/PGP:
CAT is compulsory for admission to the 2-year MBA/PGP at all IIMs.
No direct entry without CAT for fresh graduates.
2. Exceptions – Programs Accepting Other Exams:
MBA (1-year):
IIM Ahmedabad (PGPX), IIM Bangalore (EPGP), IIM Calcutta (PGPEX), and others accept GMAT/GRE instead of CAT.
PhD/Doctoral Programs:
Accept GMAT, GRE, GATE, JRF, UGC-NET, apart from CAT.
Certificate/Online Programs:
Many IIMs offer executive and online courses with direct admission (no CAT/GMAT needed).
3. For International Applicants:
Some IIMs allow GMAT-based applications for foreign candidates in the flagship MBA.
Key Insight:
For the flagship 2-year MBA, CAT is non-negotiable.
For experienced professionals or international students, GMAT/GRE provides an alternate route.
Are there different types of WATs?
Yes, in IIM admissions, WAT topics can be of three main types: current affairs-based, opinion/argument-based, and abstract/creative, each testing different aspects of thinking and writing.
1. Current Affairs-Based WAT:
Focus: National and global issues, economy, business, policy.
Example Topics:
“Impact of AI on employment in India.”
“Role of startups in India’s economy.”
“Climate change and corporate responsibility.”
Skills Tested: Awareness, critical analysis, connecting facts to arguments.
2. Opinion/Argument-Based WAT:
Focus: Logical reasoning and structured arguments.
Example Topics:
“Should India adopt a four-day work week?”
“Privatization strengthens or weakens the economy?”
Skills Tested: Ability to present balanced views with evidence, persuasion skills.
3. Abstract/Creative WAT:
Focus: Creativity, interpretation, and originality.
Example Topics:
“The color blue.”
“Walls vs. bridges.”
“Success is a journey, not a destination.”
Skills Tested: Lateral thinking, originality, linking abstract ideas to real-world scenarios.
4. Case-Based WAT (less common):
Some IIMs or B-schools may present a short case study to analyze.
Tests decision-making and problem-solving.
Key Insight:
While the format (250–400 word essay, 15–30 minutes) remains the same, the type of topic changes—from factual to abstract—requiring a mix of awareness, logic, and creativity.
Feel free to reach out if you have any questions or need further guidance on preparing for the WAT or other aspects of the IIM admissions process or for MBA interview preparation.
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